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Cisco CCNA Routing Protocols and concepts and Practicals on EIGRP OSPF RIP EtcA routing protocol specifies how routers communicate with each other, disseminating information that enables them to select routes between any two nodes on a computer network. Routing algorithms determine the specific choice of route. Each router has a priori knowledge only of networks attached to it directly. A routing protocol shares this information first among immediate neighbors, and then throughout the network. This way, routers gain knowledge of the topology of the network.
Although there are many types of routing protocols, major classes are in widespread use on IP networks:
Interior gateway protocols (IGPs) exchange routing information within a single routing domain. Examples of IGPs include: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
Exterior gateway protocols exchange routing information between autonomous systems. Examples include: Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
Autonomous Systems, such as Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Path Vector Routing Protocol.
Some versions of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) networking model distinguish routing protocols in a special sublayer of the Network Layer (Layer 3).
The specific characteristics of routing protocols include the manner in which they avoid routing loops, the manner in which they select preferred routes, using information about hop costs, the time they require to reach routing convergence, their scalability, and other factors.

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